Ιnguinal hernia (βουβωνοκήλη).
inguinal hernia is a lump that happens in your groin area, the location between the lower part of your abdomen and also your thigh. Inguinal hernias happen because of a weakening of the muscles in the lower abdominal area.
Three layers shield the intestinal tracts inside the lower abdomen. The very first is a slim membrane layer called the peritoneum. The second is comprised of the stomach muscles, and also the third is your skin.
An inguinal hernia forms when your intestines and also the abdominal muscle push with the muscles as well as appear as a lump under your skin. Inguinal ruptures threaten due to the fact that they have a tendency to keep getting bigger as well as your intestinal tract can obtain caught inside the bulge as well as shed its blood supply. This is called a strangulated inguinal hernia, as well as surgical procedure may be needed to correct the issue.
Facts concerning inguinal rupture.
Inguinal hernias might happen on one or both sides of the body and are far more typical in men than women. An inguinal hernia can appear at any type of age. Infants might be born with one that doesn’t turn up till they become adults. Concerning 5 out of every 100 kids are born with the problem.
An inguinal rupture can also create in time if you boost pressure on the wall surfaces of your stomach muscles via tasks like stressing to head to the washroom, coughing over an extended period, being overweight, or raising heavy weights. If you have a family history of inguinal hernia, you may go to a higher threat for one. Infants born before their due date are likewise at greater danger.
Types of inguinal rupture.
Inguinal hernias come in 2 types:.
Indirect inguinal rupture. This is one of the most usual kind, and also a kind of hernia that you may be born with. Although it can happen in males and females, it is much more usual in men. This is since the male testicle starts inside the abdomen and has to go down with an opening in the groin location to get to the scrotum (the sac that holds the testicles). If this opening does not shut at birth, a rupture establishes. In females, this type of rupture can take place if reproductive body organs or the small intestine slides right into the groin area as a result of a weak point in the stomach muscles.
Straight inguinal rupture. This kind of hernia is brought on by weakening of your stomach muscles with time and is most likely to be seen in adults. Direct inguinal ruptures occur only in guys.
Symptoms.
The major signs and symptom is a visible lump in your groin area. In males, an inguinal hernia might extend down right into the scrotum and trigger a bigger scrotum. Small hernias may relapse and forth with the opening in the abdominal area as well as not create any kind of symptoms. Bigger ruptures might be massaged back right into the abdominal area. Signs of ruptures that go back and forth include:.
A lump that boosts in dimension when you strain and also disappears when you lie down.
Unexpected discomfort in your groin or scrotum when exercising or straining.
A feeling of weak point, stress, burning, or aching in your groin or scrotum.
An inguinal hernia that can’t be returned into the abdomen is called an incarcerated rupture. This is an unsafe scenario since the part of your intestinal tract inside the rupture can end up being strangulated, which is a medical emergency situation. Signs and symptoms of a strangulated inguinal rupture include:.
Severe discomfort and also soreness.
Pain that maintains worsening.
Fever.
Quick heart rate.
Nausea or vomiting as well as throwing up.
Medical diagnosis.
Inguinal rupture is usually identified through a case history and also physical examination. Your physician will ask you questions regarding hernia signs. Throughout the test, he or she will certainly try to find as well as feel for a bulge in your groin or scrotal area. You might be asked to stand as well as cough to make the hernia show up. Inguinal hernias in children might only be seen or felt when the child sobs.
Inguinal Hernias in Children.
Treatment.
The method to repair an inguinal rupture is usually with a surgical procedure. In adults with small ruptures that don’t create signs, treatment might just be to enjoy it. Grownups with signs as well as the majority of children typically have surgical treatment to stop the possible problem of a strangulated rupture in the future. A put behind bars or strangulated hernia might need emergency situation surgical procedure.
There are two major kinds of surgery for inguinal rupture:.
Open repair. A laceration is made via the skin in the groin area. The surgeon relocates the hernia back inside the abdominal area and also closes the abdominal wall with stitches. Often, if the opening is large, the surgeon might make use of an artificial (manufactured) mesh to enhance the closure.
Laparoscopy. This kind of surgical procedure makes use of a few tiny incisions and a thin extent with a little electronic camera. The doctor resolves the range to fix the rupture. Synthetic mesh might likewise be made use of in laparoscopic rupture surgical procedure. Healing time after laparoscopy may be much shorter than for open repair work.
Avoidance.
There is nothing you can do to avoid an indirect inguinal hernia, the kind you are born with. Straight hernias that occur gradually might be avoided with these preventative measures:.
Learn how to lift heavy objects appropriately.
Prevent and also, when required, deal with constipation to prevent stressing when having a defecation.
Obtain therapy for any relentless coughing.
If you are a male with a bigger prostate and also you stress to pass urine, get treated.
If you are obese, shed the added pounds.
Managing inguinal hernia.
If you have actually had surgical treatment for inguinal rupture, it is essential to comply with all your doctor’s guidelines and maintain your follow-up appointments. Rising and walking is an integral part of healing and assists prevent issues. You can aid to keep an inguinal hernia from coming back after surgery by avoiding hefty training and other arduous activity. Ask your physician what types of activities are secure and also when you can go back to work.
If you have a tiny hernia that is being enjoyed or a fixed hernia, take steps to prevent becoming constipated. Eat lots of fiber, beverage a lot of fluids, exercise, and go to the bathroom when you really feel the urge.
Call your doctor if your inguinal rupture symptoms become worse, and also always call right away if:.
You have an unpleasant lump that can not be pushed back inside.
You have raising discomfort, swelling, or inflammation.
You have queasiness, high temperature, or throwing up together with hernia discomfort.
abdominal hernia κηλη στη κοιλια
Stomach Wall Surface Hernias.
A rupture happens when a body organ sticks out through the wall surface of muscle mass that encloses it. There are numerous various types of hernias that can happen in the stomach and also surrounding locations. These consist of umbilical hernias, epigastric ruptures, incisional ruptures, as well as others. For more details on these particular kinds of hernias, consisting of signs and symptoms and also treatment techniques, see below.
Types of Abdominal Wall Surface Hernias.
Epigastric Hernia.
An epigastric rupture happens when a damaged area in the stomach wall surface enables a little bit of fat to push via. Epigastric hernias are commonly little. They take place in the middle of the stubborn belly, in the location in between the belly switch as well as the breastbone.
Some patients establish greater than one epigastric hernia at once. These hernias generally don’t cause signs, yet you might experience discomfort in your upper tummy.
Therapy of epigastric ruptures usually includes surgery, yet your physician will certainly review all your options with you thoroughly.
Incisional Rupture.
A rupture that occurs in the area of a previous surgery is known as an incisional hernia. These ruptures may occur when the abdominal wall has been weakened by surgery, or when a surgical cut comes to be infected, more compromising the area.
Incisional hernias are fairly typical due to the fact that surgical incisions damage the abdominal area. That weakness makes it easier for a part of the intestinal tract or other cells to extend.
Incisional hernias can establish right after surgery, or they can create gradually, over months and even years. They typically happen along with vertical incisions. Incisional ruptures have a tendency to be huge and also rather unpleasant.
Incisional hernias will certainly not recover on their own. Speak to your physician for even more details concerning your therapy choices.
Spigelian Rupture.
Spigelian hernias happen throughout the spigelian fascia. Unlike various other kinds of hernias, which develop right away listed below layers of fat, spigelian hernias occur in the midst of abdominal muscles. This implies that spigelian hernias may not be quickly visible as a lump or swelling. They can go unnoticed for longer time periods.
Because spigelian ruptures tend to be small, the threat of establishing a strangulated hernia is higher.
Spigelian ruptures often tend to happen more seldom than other kinds of hernias.
Umbilical Hernia.
An umbilical hernia takes place when a weak spot in the tummy enables a bit of fat, fluid, or intestine to press through, developing a lump or lump near the stubborn belly button.
Umbilical ruptures regularly happen in babies. In most cases, these ruptures will heal on their own. Occasionally, nonetheless, surgical treatment may be needed.
Umbilical ruptures likewise occur in grownups, particularly those with wellness problems that cause enhanced stress in the stubborn belly. Those concerns might consist of obesity, pregnancy, chronic coughing or irregularity, as well as problem urinating.
Because they tend to grow larger with time, umbilical ruptures require therapy. Treatment typically includes surgical procedure, but your doctor will talk about all your alternatives with you carefully. Without treatment, you go to danger of creating a strangulated hernia, which suggests that blood supply to the cells has been removed. Strangulation is harmful and calls for emergency surgical treatment.
Symptoms.
Abdominal wall surface ruptures are normally noticeable: they will certainly appear like a lump or lump under the skin. These ruptures don’t usually trigger any other signs with the exception of mild discomfort or pain, usually when you are straining (for instance, lifting something hefty).
If the rupture comes to be strangulated, nonetheless, you might experience a lot more severe signs and symptoms, such as serious pain, queasiness, vomiting, and/or soreness in the area of the rupture. Get in touch with your doctor promptly if you start to experience these signs and symptoms. A strangulated rupture is dangerous.
Causes.
Abdominal wall surface ruptures can take place in individuals of any kind of age, consisting of babies. However, the risk of establishing a hernia often tends to raise as you age. The majority of stomach wall hernias are caused by a location of weak point in the stomach wall surfaces. A variety of various factors can add to the growth of that weak point. These aspects consist of:.
Aging.
Persistent coughing.
Collagen vascular disease.
Constant heavy lifting.
Genetic defects.
History of previous hernias.
Infection (particularly adhering to surgical procedure).
Injuries to the abdominal location.
Excessive weight.
Maternity.
Stressing throughout bowel movements or peeing.
Surgical openings.
Diagnosis.
Most of the times, your doctor will have the ability to identify whether you remain in truth suffering from a hernia simply by looking as well as by gently palpating the affected area.
If for some reason a medical diagnosis isn’t quickly noticeable, your medical professional may choose to order an imaging test, such as an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. These imaging examinations can help to reveal the hole in the muscular tissue wall, in addition to the tissue extending from it.
Therapy.
Abdominal wall surface hernias that have no connected signs and symptoms might not need any type of treatment in any way. Your physician will review your alternatives with you which might include surgical treatment or careful waiting.
Larger hernias, nevertheless, or ruptures that are triggering pain, might call for surgical repair service to relieve pain as well as to stop complications.
There are 2 sorts of medical hernia repair: open and also minimally invasive surgical procedure. The kind of surgical procedure picked will certainly depend on the severity and type of hernia you’ve created, the awaited recovery time, your previous medical and medical background, and your doctor’s expertise.
Open up Surgical treatment: During this treatment, your cosmetic surgeon will certainly make a tiny laceration into your groin, and after that press the extending cells back into your abdomen. Your specialist will certainly then finish the weakened location. In some cases, your surgeon will utilize a mesh to strengthen that damaged location.
Open up surgery can be carried out either with general anesthetic or with sedation or regional anesthesia.
After your surgery, it may be a number of weeks before you have the ability to completely resume your typical activities. However, it’s still crucial that you start moving about again immediately for a much healthier recuperation.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment: Minimally intrusive surgical treatment is usually performed under basic anesthetic.
Throughout this procedure, your cosmetic surgeon will make a couple of tiny cuts in your abdomen. Your surgeon will certainly then inflate your abdominal areas, utilizing an unique gas, in order to make your internal organs less complicated to see.
Your doctor will then place a small, slim tube into among the lacerations in your abdomen. This tube has a little cam, or laparoscope, at the end of it. That camera functions as a type of overview for your surgeon, that is after that able to put medical instruments with the various other lacerations in your abdomen. Your surgeon will certainly repair the rupture using and may make use of mesh.
Patients that are candidates for minimally intrusive surgical treatment may experience less scarring as well as discomfort complying with surgical procedure than those that undergo open surgical treatment. Clients might likewise have the ability to return more quickly to their typical activities.
Your doctors will speak to you carefully concerning all of your treatment options and also will certainly recommend a strategy best fit to your individual needs.
An umbilical rupture (ομφαλοκήλη ).
An umbilical hernia is an abnormal bulge that can be seen or felt at the umbilicus (stubborn belly button). This hernia creates when a section of the cellular lining of the abdomen, part of the intestinal tract, and also/ or liquid from the abdomen, comes through the muscle of the abdominal wall.
Umbilical hernias prevail, happening in 10 percent to 20 percent of all children. They are, nonetheless, extra usual in African-Americans.
Reduced birth weight and premature infants are additionally most likely to have an umbilical hernia. Young boys and girls are similarly affected.
Root Causes Of Umbilical Hernia.
As the fetus establishes while pregnant, there is a small opening in the abdominal muscles that permits the umbilical cable to go through, linking mother to child.
As the baby grows after birth, this opening in the abdominal muscles closes. In some cases, however, these muscle mass do not fulfill and also grow together entirely, and also a little opening continues to be. This opening is called an umbilical rupture.
Symptoms and signs of Umbilical Hernia.
Umbilical hernias appear as a lump or swelling in the tummy button location. The swelling might end up being more recognizable when the child weeps, as well as may become smaller or vanish when the child is quiet. If a physician delicately pushes on the lump when a youngster is resting and calm, it will normally obtain smaller or return into the abdominal area.
Sometimes the intestinal tracts obtain entraped within the umbilical rupture. This is referred to as a put behind bars rupture. When this happens, the kid normally has extreme pain as well as the lump may be firm and also red. Immediate medical evaluation to leave out a put behind bars rupture is needed in order to stop possible damage to the intestines. It is uncommon for this to occur.
Diagnosis of Umbilical Hernia.
Physical exam by a medical professional can diagnose an umbilical rupture as well as can additionally identify if there are any type of stomach components caught in the rupture cavity.
Therapy for Umbilical Hernia.
Numerous umbilical ruptures close automatically by ages 3 to 4. If closure does not take place by this time, surgical repair is generally advised. In younger youngsters, if there is an episode of incarceration or if the hernia is large, medical repair work may be suggested.
Surgery to repair the hernia is executed under general anesthesia.
A small incision is made at the base of the stomach button. If any intestinal tract is present in the rupture, it is positioned back into the abdominal cavity. The opening in the muscular tissue is then fixed with numerous layers of stitches to avoid another rupture. A dressing as well as/ or incision glue is placed to maintain the tummy button flat.
While premature babies as well as children with specific medical problems might require overnight observation in the hospital, many youngsters have the ability to return home within a few hrs after surgery.
Long-Term Overview.
As soon as the hernia is closed, it is unlikely that it will return. Nevertheless, the threat of reappearance is raised in patients who have wound infections adhering to surgical treatment.